FMARD E-Library:: Browsing AGRIC COOPERATIVES by Title

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Advances in Cooperative Control and Optimization

(Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 0200) Michael J. Hirsch ; Panos M. Pardalos ; Robert Murphey ; Don Grundel

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Agricultural Cooperative Develoopment

(FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 1998) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

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AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT:

(FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 2001) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

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Agricultural cooperatives as a means for agricultural development: the case of western Sudan small farmers' cooperatives

(https://dr.lib.iastate.edu, 1989) Siddig El Tayeb Muneer

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CONVENTION COLLECTIVE NATIONALE DE TRAVAIL CONCERNANT LES COOPÉRATIVES AGRICOLES, UNIONS DE COOPÉRATIVES AGRICOLES ET SICA DE FLEURS, DE FRUITS ET LÉGUMES ET DE POMMES DE TERRE DU 16

(LEGIFRANCE, 2022-05-01) LEGISOCAL

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Cooperative Language Learning in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom

(Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, 2004) Gesa Franziska Heinrich

The doctoral thesis describes the design and evaluation of an in-service teacher training for cooperative language learning (CLL) at middle and secondary schools (grades 5-10/11- 12). The training is based on relevant research findings, established training approaches, and recommendations for foreign language teacher education. It comprises six days of training (24 hours) and is conducted over a period of three months. The training phase is embedded in a pre-training and a post-training phase of ten months. The teacher training was evaluated through written surveys with regard to: • cognitive factors that influence cooperative language learning use in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom • the frequency and quality of cooperative language learning use in the EFL classroom • the acceptance of the training with respect to the perceived quality The results of the written surveys (pretest, posttest, and follow-up test) of eleven training participants were compared to a sample of eight EFL teachers who did not take part in the training. Furthermore, students from one learning group of each participating teacher were surveyed on teachers’ CLL use in the EFL classroom. Altogether data from 355 students was gathered. The results indicated that the training has positive impacts on teachers’ CLL conceptions, their intentions to use CLL and their sense of personal teaching efficacy. In addition, the training seems to enhance the frequency and quality of CLL use in the EFL classroom. Teacher and student ratings were generally consistent. The quality of the training was ranked highly. The findings support and extend previous research findings on the use of CLL in the (foreign language) classroom and teacher training approaches for cooperative learning. Furthermore, they verify forms of intervention that combine experience-oriented and cognitive-behavioral training approaches

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EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS (EM) TECHNOLOGY ON MAIZE (Zea mays L.) GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD IN MOROGORO TANZANIA

(Bustani ya Tushikamane, 2010) Saidia Paul Sabas ; Chilagane Daudi Amos ; Alexander Wostry ; Maro Janet Fares

The field experiment was conducted at Tushikamane Centre Kilakala, Morogoro Tanzania to investigate the effect of EM technology on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, development and yield. Maize is a major cereal consumed; over 80% of population depends on maize for food in Tanzania. Low soil fertility, insect pests and diseases are among the primary constraints in maize production. This is due to continuous cultivation without fertilizing the soil, poor and lack of proper measures to control pest and diseases. Most farmers in both rural and urban areas of Tanzania are not aware with the use of organic fertilizers especially the EM (Effective Microorganism) technology in agriculture to increase crop yield without the use of agricultural chemicals or artificial fertilizers, the method of farming is inexpensive, capable of producing high-quality products, high yield produces and preserving the environment. Therefore, this research work mainly aimed at studying the efficiency of EM technology on maize (Zea mays L.) crop performance in the field. Five treatments comprising of EM technology EM-Bokashi, Bokashi and EM-A, EM-FPE and EM-5, combination of Bokashi, EM-A, EMFPE and EM5, and absolute control were compared in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Bokashi leaves (3.7%N) at 1851.9kg/ha, 200 mls of EMA mixed with water to make a 2L solution, EMFPE and EM5 were mixed with water at 200mls to get a 2L solution which was sprayed thrice a week scheduled for application. Three weeks were scheduled for application of EM. Application of EM-Bokashi produced an average yield of 3.06 tonha-1, EM-Bokashi and EM-A produced grain yield of 3.24 tonha-1, EMFPE and EM-5 produced 3.11 tonha-1 and, application of all EM-Bokashi, EM-A, EMFPE and EM-5 produced grain yield of 3.51 tonha-1, while absolute control produced 2.12 tonha-1. Application of EM improved maize crop yield.

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Evolution, Games, and God

(Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2013) Martin A. Nowak ; Sarah Coakley

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KAGAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING

(Kagan Publishing, 2009) Dr. Spencer Kagan ; Miguel Kagan

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Learning to Cooperate, Cooperating to Learn

(Springer Science+Business Media, LL, 1985) Robert Slavin ; Shlomo Sharan ; Spencer Kagan ; Rachel Hertz-Lazarowitz ; Clark Webb ; Richard Schmuck

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Project Risk Management Guidelines

( 2005) Dale F. Cooper ; Geoffrey Raymond

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Role of Agricultural Cooperatives in Agricultural Development – The Case of Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt

(Institut für Agrarpolitik, Marktforschung und Wirtschaftssoziologie Abteilung Welternährungswirtschaft, 2004) Farahat Abdel-Seed Mohamed

he main objectives of the study are to identify the current status of agricultural cooperatives in Menoufiya Governorate in Egypt and determine the following items as well as the variables affecting them: (1) Agricultural cooperatives ability to mobilize resources for achieving its activities. (2) Agricultural cooperatives ability to employ the available resources. (3) Contribution of the agricultural cooperatives in agricultural development, (4) Organizational effectiveness of the agricultural cooperatives in agricultural development, (5) Benefit extent for farmers from the agricultural cooperatives activities, and thus (6) Farmers’ attitudes towards agricultural cooperatives. For realizing the research objectives, two questionnaires were designed and data were collected through personal interviews with 66 managers and 291 members of agricultural cooperatives. The research was carried out in two districts in Menoufiya Governorate. The Pearson simple correlation coefficient and step-wise multiple correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data. Results show, that 73 % of agricultural cooperatives were found to have insufficient budgets for achieving their activities, 71,2% of them have a low capability of mobilizing resources, 48,5% of them have a low capability of employing resources and 87,9% of them have only limited contribution to agricultural development. In general, 69,7% of the agricultural cooperatives show a low organizational effectiveness in agricultural development. Additionally, the results of the study refer to a low benefit degree for farmers from agricultural cooperatives activities, a low farmers’ satisfaction degree related to the agricultural cooperatives activities, and a low percentage of farmers, who have positive attitudes towards the agricultural cooperatives. The step-wise multiple regression analysis reveals that: ¾ Only two independent variables were found to have a significant and a positive effect on the agricultural cooperatives ability to mobilize the resources. These independent variables are the population number in the village with an agricultural cooperative and cultivated area in the villages, which are benefiting from agricultural cooperative activities. These variables could explain about 58% of the variance in the agricultural cooperatives ability to mobilize resources. ¾ The cultivated area in the villages, which are benefiting from the agricultural cooperatives activities and the extent of agricultural cooperative building’s suitability for achieving their activities and functions could explain 14 % of variance in the agricultural cooperatives ability to employ the available resources. ¾ There is a positive and a significant effect of cooperation level between agricultural cooperatives and governmental organizations, and the number of governmental organizations in the village on the level of agricultural cooperatives contribution in the agricultural development. The percentage of participation of these variables in explaining the total variance in the level of agricultural cooperatives contribution in the agricultural development reaches 39 %. ¾ There are two independent variables that affect the organizational effectiveness of the agricultural cooperatives in the agricultural development. These variables are the number of population in the villages with an agricultural cooperatives and the total number of N.G.Os membership of managers. Both independent variables could explain together about 57% of the variance in the organizational effectiveness of the agricultural cooperatives. iv ¾ The most independent variables affecting the benefit for farmers from agricultural cooperatives activities are the farmers’ attitudes towards agricultural cooperative, the informal social participation level of farmers, the total number of N.G.Os membership of the farmer, the type of voluntary participation of the farmer in developmental projects, and the main profession of the farmer. These independent variables could explain 78.3% of the variance in the extent of benefit for farmers from agricultural cooperatives activities. ¾ There are four independent variables that affect the farmers’ attitudes towards agricultural cooperatives. These variables are the extent of benefit for farmers from agricultural cooperatives activities, the distance between farmers’ residence and agricultural cooperatives’ location, the type of voluntary participation of the farmers in developmental projects and type of N.G.Os-membership of the farmer. These variables could explain 65.3 % of the variance in farmers’ attitudes towards agricultural cooperatives. In conclusion, the study reveals, that most of the agricultural cooperatives in Menoufiya Governorate –Egypt are not playing their role in the agricultural development in the desired effectiveness. This fact makes it necessary, that these small cooperatives need to be modified in order to form more efficient, self-dependent economical bodies, which are capable to run themselves administrationally and financially. It is recommended also, that these cooperatives be given more economical and organizational freedoms to make them less dependent on the central cooperatives, especially in obtaining and distributing the production inputs. During planning of agricultural development, the government should activate the coordination and cooperation among the roles of both agricultural cooperatives and other organizations in the villages, in order to enhance their abilities and the organizational effectiveness in the agricultural and rural development. The agricultural cooperatives should be developed in order to provide activities and services which are adapted to farmers’ needs.

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The Cooperative Enterprise